{"id":8561,"date":"2020-12-23T11:52:04","date_gmt":"2020-12-23T11:52:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.innovationnewsnetwork.com\/?p=8561"},"modified":"2020-12-23T11:52:04","modified_gmt":"2020-12-23T11:52:04","slug":"physical-phenomenon-that-occurs-within-nanosized-materials","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.innovationnewsnetwork.com\/physical-phenomenon-that-occurs-within-nanosized-materials\/8561\/","title":{"rendered":"New mathematical formulas can describe a physical phenomenon that occurs within nanosized materials"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>Theoretical physicists from Osaka City University and the University of Tokyo, Japan, have developed mathematical formulas that describe a physical phenomenon happening within quantum dots and other nanosized materials.<\/h2>\n<p>The formulas, published in the journal <a href=\"https:\/\/journals.aps.org\/prl\/abstract\/10.1103\/PhysRevLett.125.216801\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><em>Physical Review Letters<\/em><\/a>, could be applied to further theoretical research about the physics of nanosized materials, such as quantum dots, ultra-cold atomic gases, and quarks.<\/p>\n<p>The team examined the \u2018kondo effect\u2019, which was first described in 1964 by Japanese theoretical physicist Jun Kondo. This effect was shown in some magnetic materials, but now occurs in many other systems, including <a href=\"https:\/\/www.innovationnewsnetwork.com\/scientists-have-achieved-the-first-visualisation-of-quantum-dots-in-bilayer-graphene\/7979\/\">quantum dots<\/a> and other nanosized materials.<\/p>\n<p>Scientists were eventually able to show that, in metals containing impurities, at very low temperatures near absolute zero, electron spins become entangled with the magnetic impurities, forming a cloud that screens their magnetism. The cloud\u2019s shape changes with further temperature drops, leading to a rise in resistance. This same effect happens when other external \u2018perturbations\u2019, such as a voltage or magnetic field, are applied to the metal.<\/p>\n<h3>Using mathematic formulas to understand this phenomenon<\/h3>\n<p>The team from Osaka City University and the University of Tokyo wanted to develop mathematical formulas to describe the evolution of this cloud in quantum dots and other nanosized materials.<\/p>\n<p>To describe such a complex quantum system, they started with a system at absolute zero where a well-established theoretical model, namely Fermi liquid theory, for interacting electrons is applicable. They then added a \u2018correction\u2019 that describes another aspect of the system against external perturbations. Using this technique, they wrote formulas describing electrical current and its fluctuation through quantum dots.<\/p>\n<p>Their formulas indicate electrons interact within these systems in two different ways that contribute to the Kondo effect. First, two electrons collide with each other, forming well-defined quasiparticles that propagate within the Kondo cloud. More significantly, an interaction called a three-body contribution occurs. This is when two electrons combine in the presence of a third electron, causing an energy shift of quasiparticles.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Theoretical physicists have developed formulas that describe a phenomenon happening within quantum dots and other nanosized materials.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":8562,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[766,24429],"tags":[833,795],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\n<title>New mathematical formulas can describe a physical phenomenon that occurs within nanosized materials<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Theoretical physicists have developed formulas that describe a phenomenon happening within quantum dots and other nanosized materials.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.innovationnewsnetwork.com\/physical-phenomenon-that-occurs-within-nanosized-materials\/8561\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_GB\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"New mathematical formulas can describe a physical phenomenon that occurs within nanosized materials\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Theoretical physicists have developed formulas that describe a phenomenon happening within quantum dots and other nanosized materials.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.innovationnewsnetwork.com\/physical-phenomenon-that-occurs-within-nanosized-materials\/8561\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Innovation News Network\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/InnoNewsNetwork\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2020-12-23T11:52:04+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.innovationnewsnetwork.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/nanosized-materials.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Caitlin Magee\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@InnoNewsNetwork\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@InnoNewsNetwork\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Caitlin Magee\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Estimated reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"2 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.innovationnewsnetwork.com\/physical-phenomenon-that-occurs-within-nanosized-materials\/8561\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.innovationnewsnetwork.com\/physical-phenomenon-that-occurs-within-nanosized-materials\/8561\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Caitlin Magee\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.innovationnewsnetwork.com\/#\/schema\/person\/5186ad57c79ad5162638977775a065d2\"},\"headline\":\"New mathematical formulas can describe a physical phenomenon that occurs within nanosized materials\",\"datePublished\":\"2020-12-23T11:52:04+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2020-12-23T11:52:04+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.innovationnewsnetwork.com\/physical-phenomenon-that-occurs-within-nanosized-materials\/8561\/\"},\"wordCount\":338,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.innovationnewsnetwork.com\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.innovationnewsnetwork.com\/physical-phenomenon-that-occurs-within-nanosized-materials\/8561\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.innovationnewsnetwork.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/nanosized-materials.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"Materials Science\",\"Nanotechnology\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Research &amp; 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