{"id":8166,"date":"2020-12-04T14:20:17","date_gmt":"2020-12-04T14:20:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.innovationnewsnetwork.com\/?p=8166"},"modified":"2020-12-04T14:23:04","modified_gmt":"2020-12-04T14:23:04","slug":"scientists-develop-an-evolutionary-theory-of-stress","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.innovationnewsnetwork.com\/scientists-develop-an-evolutionary-theory-of-stress\/8166\/","title":{"rendered":"Scientists develop an evolutionary theory of stress"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>Scientists have created an evolutionary model of stress to predict how animals react to stressful situations.<\/h2>\n<p>Almost all organisms have a fast-acting stress response system that helps them respond to environmental threats, but stress uses energy and can be damaging.<\/p>\n<p>A new <a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/33032863\/\">study<\/a>, conducted by an international research team has found that most animals retain stress for longer than is optimal after being exposed to a stress-inducing incident.<\/p>\n<p>The reasons for this are not yet clear, but one theory is that there is a limit to how quickly the body is able to remove stress hormones from circulation.<\/p>\n<p>Dr Sian English from the University of Bristol\u2019s School of Biological Sciences commented: \u201cWhile the physiological basis for the stress response system has been extensively studied, we previously understood remarkably little about why this system has evolved.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cWe\u2019ve shown that considering both mechanisms of hormone clearance, and features of the environment \u2013 \u00a0how predictable the threat is across time\u00a0 \u2013 \u00a0can help explain the universal stress response, and how it varies.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cOur findings are all the more relevant today when we live in such uncertain times, and stress being a topic of everyday discussion.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>Dr English worked alongside mathematical modelling experts, including Professor John McNamara from the University of Bristol and Dr Tim Fawcett from the University of Exeter. Together they developed the conceptual framework and considered the wider implications of stress in mammals, fish and birds.<\/p>\n<p>Dr Fawcett said: \u201cWe have created one of the first mathematical models to understand how organisms have evolved to deal with stressful events.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cIt combines existing research on stress physiology in a variety of organisms with analysis of optimal responses that balance the costs and benefits of stress.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cWe know stress responses vary hugely between different species and even among individuals of the same species \u2013 as we see in humans.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cOur study is a step towards understanding why stress responses are so variable.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>The scientists have defined stress as the process that organisms undertake when responding to stressors such as threats and challenges to their environment. The response to stress includes both detection and the stress response itself.<\/p>\n<p>One key point emphasised in the study is the importance of whether or not threats are predictable. The model suggests that animals living in dangerous environments should have a high \u201cbaseline\u201d stress level while animals living in safer environments would benefit from being able to raise and reduce stress levels rapidly.<\/p>\n<p>Professor Barbara Taborsky, of the University of Bern added: &#8220;Our approach reveals environmental predictability and physiological limits as key factors shaping the evolution of stress responses.<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;More research is needed to advance scientific understanding of how this core physiological system has evolved.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>The study was carried out by the universities of Bern, Exeter, Bristol, Stockholm and Turku, and the Brain Mind Institute at \u00c9cole polytechnique f\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne.<\/p>\n<p>Funding was provided by the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.innovationnewsnetwork.com\/scientists-use-optical-fibres-to-conduct-seismic-monitoring-of-glaciers\/5180\/\">Swiss National Science Foundation<\/a>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Scientists have created an evolutionary model of stress to predict how animals react to stressful situations.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":13,"featured_media":8167,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[766,24429],"tags":[3475],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\n<title>Scientists develop an evolutionary theory of stress | Innovation News Network<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"An international research team has created an evolutionary model of stress to predict how animals react to stressful situations.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link 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