{"id":46305,"date":"2024-07-31T08:00:34","date_gmt":"2024-07-31T07:00:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.innovationnewsnetwork.com\/?p=46305"},"modified":"2024-07-31T08:31:59","modified_gmt":"2024-07-31T07:31:59","slug":"advanced-nanoplatforms-diagnosis-treatment-osteosarcoma","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.innovationnewsnetwork.com\/advanced-nanoplatforms-diagnosis-treatment-osteosarcoma\/46305\/","title":{"rendered":"Advanced nanoplatforms for diagnosis and treatment of osteosarcoma"},"content":{"rendered":"
Osteosarcoma, a primary malignant bone tumour, poses a significant challenge in oncology due to its complex pathogenesis and often aggressive nature. Osteosarcoma primarily affects the long bones of adolescents and young adults, thus presenting unique clinical and therapeutic considerations.<\/p>\n
It accounts for approximately 5% of childhood tumours. More than 50% of these tumours in children and adolescents arise from the long bones around the knee. Osteosarcoma is rarely seen in soft tissue or visceral organs, and there appears to be no difference in presenting symptoms, tumour location, and outcome for younger patients (<12 years) compared with adolescents.<\/p>\n
As the most common primary bone cancer in children and adolescents, understanding its complexity and evolving treatment strategies is paramount for improving young patient outcomes and their quality of life.<\/p>\n
Successful osteosarcoma treatment generally requires the combination of effective systemic chemotherapy and complete resection of all clinically detectable diseases. Patients with proven or suspected osteosarcoma must first have an evaluation by an orthopaedic oncologist familiar with the surgical management of this disease. This evaluation, which includes imaging studies, should be done before the biopsy because an inappropriately performed biopsy may jeopardise a limb-sparing procedure.<\/p>\n
Additionally, protective weight-bearing is recommended for patients with tumours of weight-bearing bones to prevent pathological fractures that could prevent limb-preserving surgery. Randomised clinical trials have proven that both neoadjuvant and adjuvant chemotherapy are effective in preventing relapse in patients with clinically non-metastatic tumours.<\/p>\n
Interestingly enough, the Paediatric Oncology Group (POG) conducted a study in which patients were randomly assigned to either immediate amputation or amputation after neoadjuvant therapy. Many patients declined to be assigned randomly, and the study was stopped without approaching the stated accrual goals. In the small number of patients receiving osteosarcoma treatment, there was no difference in outcome between those who received preoperative and postoperative chemotherapy.<\/p>\n
Nonetheless, chemotherapy for osteosarcoma is usually performed by administering drugs with dual or triple-modal approaches and mechanisms of action. The major drawback of such approaches lies in the frequent side effects caused by the medicines\u2019 toxicity to healthy cells and the limitations given by possible drug cross-interactions.<\/p>\n
All these limitations negatively affect osteosarcoma treatment and, thus, patients\u2019 quality of life. The limitations described can be minimised by applying intelligent drug delivery systems, such as nanoplatforms, which can efficiently deliver multiple drugs to the tumour\u2019s location without affecting healthy cells. These nanoplatforms are usually represented by 2D nanomaterials based on graphene derivatives.<\/p>\n
The project Nano4Tarmed, presented here for the first time<\/a>, aims to develop theranostic approaches based on plasmonic and 2D nanomaterials for detecting and treating cancer diseases.<\/p>\n