{"id":34580,"date":"2023-07-06T15:26:17","date_gmt":"2023-07-06T14:26:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.innovationnewsnetwork.com\/?p=34580"},"modified":"2023-07-06T15:26:17","modified_gmt":"2023-07-06T14:26:17","slug":"researchers-solve-interesting-viscosity-mystery-about-earths-lower-mantle","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.innovationnewsnetwork.com\/researchers-solve-interesting-viscosity-mystery-about-earths-lower-mantle\/34580\/","title":{"rendered":"Researchers solve interesting viscosity mystery about Earth\u2019s lower mantle"},"content":{"rendered":"

An international research team has discovered why rocks in Earth\u2019s lower mantle suddenly become more viscous at depths between 800-1,200km.<\/h2>\n

The cause of this change is the bridgmanite-enriched rocks that make up most of the Earth’s lower mantle below about 1,000 km. These particular rocks have a much larger grain size than the rocks above them, which results in their high viscosity.<\/p>\n

A paper detailing the research, \u2018Variation in bridgmanite grain size accounts for the mid-mantle viscosity jump<\/a>,\u2019 is published in Nature.<\/em><\/p>\n

Bridgmanite dominates Earth\u2019s lower mantle<\/h3>\n

Bridgmanite is the most abundant mineral in the mantle, which extends from a depth of 660km-2,900km and occupies about half of the entire Earth.<\/p>\n

Scientists from Germany, China, France, the UK, and the US have discovered that the grain size of bridgmanite increases at around 1,000km depth as lower-mantle rocks<\/a> are bridgmanite-enriched with increasing depth.<\/p>\n

\"Science,Of,Earth.,Descriptive,Material,On,Geology.,Basaltic,Columnar,Jointing,\"
\u00a9 shutterstock\/Maximillian cabinet<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

As a result, viscosity is markedly increased in the shallower part of Earth\u2019s lower mantle because viscosity has positive grain size dependence. The shallower part of the lower mantle consists of pyrolite, containing 20 vol% of other minerals in addition to bridgmanite.<\/p>\n

These additional minerals prevent the grain growth of bridgmanite; however, there are much smaller proportions of such minerals in the bridgmanite-enriched rocks, where bridgmanite can grow freely to large grains.<\/p>\n

How is viscosity affected by these minerals?<\/h3>\n

The resulting viscosity jump affects a wide range of geophysical and geochemical processes in Earth\u2019s lower mantle.<\/p>\n

\u201cAlthough subducted plates sink relatively smoothly into the lower mantle, their sinking is slowed down in the shallow part of the lower mantle.”<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Professor Hongzhan Fei, who led the research, explained: \u201cOn the other hand, the upwelling of mantle plumes, which produce volcanoes in different areas of the Earth\u2019s surface, seems to become rapid above 1,000km depth.\u201d<\/p>\n

Fei added: \u201cAlthough these observations were difficult to understand, we can now explain them rationally.\u201d<\/p>\n

The highly viscous bridgmanite-enriched rocks were formed in the Earth\u2019s early history. Because they are so viscous, mantle convection cannot mix them with other mantle components.<\/p>\n

As a result, the bridgmanite-enriched rocks have been preserved in the deepest part of Earth\u2019s lower mantle for billions of years.<\/p>\n

\u201cSeismologists have shown that many subducted slabs are stagnant in the layer between 600-1,500km deep. They have also shown that, although plumes rise vertically and can be clearly imaged below a depth of 1,000 km, they become difficult to image above this depth,\u201d said Professor Tomoo Katsura, Chair of Structure and Dynamics of Earth Material at the BGI.<\/p>\n

Katsura concluded: \u201cOur new theory can explain these observations. Because the viscosity increases with depth, the slabs have difficulty penetrating into Earth\u2019s lower mantle regions deeper than 1,000km.<\/p>\n

\u201cOn the other hand, the plumes rise faster at this depth, and so plumes become thinner and hard to image.\u201d<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Learn more about the viscosity changes in Earth’s lower mantle, and how bridgmanite-enriched rocks affect this.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":22,"featured_media":34586,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[24433],"tags":[789],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nResearchers solve interesting viscosity mystery about Earth\u2019s lower mantle<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Learn more about the viscosity changes in Earth's lower mantle, and how bridgmanite-enriched rocks affect this.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" 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