Up to 24% cost-saving potential for the investment.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\nAdditionally, studies on city buses have shown that hybridisation can increase the lifetime of the battery system by 16%.<\/p>\n
For this reason, at SEABAT, four hybrid solutions have been studied and analysed to achieve the proposed objectives and promote the electrification of the naval sector, which are presented below.<\/p>\n
Topology 1<\/strong><\/p>\nTopology 1 is a hybrid basic solution with a high-power battery and a single DC\/DC converter added to the circuit. The DC\/DC converter unit is located between the high-energy battery and the high-power battery and enables bidirectional current flow, which is required for regenerative braking and recharging.<\/p>\n
Topology 2<\/strong><\/p>\nTopology 2 is SEABAT\u2019s multi-level energy storage topology with a parallel-series interconnection to increase storable energy, capacity, ampacity, and\/or achieve a higher output voltage. By design, it integrates the battery and power converter into one logical unit. In the most daring implementation, the converter can be integrated in the battery module, resulting in a module with built-in voltage control capabilities.<\/p>\n
In that scenario, each module in the string can deliver an output voltage that is set by the energy management system to achieve the required, combined, DC bus voltage.<\/p>\n
Topology 3<\/strong><\/p>\nTopology 3 cells are switched on the individual level. A battery string is as strong as its weakest cell. Therefore, the total strength of a battery system can be improved by putting less stress on, or completely bypassing, weaker cells. In addition to making the total system more robust, it maximises control over the entire battery system. Because cells can be managed at the individual level, a hybrid system can easily be created by mixing high-energy and high-power cells at will.<\/p>\n
Depending on the design, cells can be grouped into modules, which can be directly connected to form the battery system. For this part of the SEABAT project, a high-level DC\/DC converter is not needed, as the individual cells can be actively (dis)engaged.<\/p>\n
Topology 4<\/strong><\/p>\nTopology 4 partial power processing configurations, such as partial power converters (PPC), are promising to make mixed power systems considerably more efficient and less expensive. PPCs have been proposed for a broad variety of unidirectional power flow applications. These converters are usually placed in series with an energy storage bank. In partial power converters, only a portion of the total power is processed, so both the converter cooling system and the total power losses are reduced. They are suitable for DC\/DC applications where the voltage difference between the input and output terminals is not very high. For example, if the static voltage gain (VLOAD<\/sub>\/VSOURCE<\/sub>) is double, half the power is processed. PPC architectures do not process the total power but do control the total power flow between two elements.<\/p>\nOnce all the typologies were analysed and studied, the second typology was selected as the best option, as it presents significant advantages in cost, volume, weight, and energy losses than the rest of the topologies.<\/p>\n
Additionally, recent innovations made in the field of batteries, mainly related on the specific energy and power densities, will facilitate the future electrification of the waterborne transport sector. From a chemical and technological point of view, nickel manganese cobalt oxide (NMC) is widely the most common, due to the high performances in terms of energy and power density and relative low costs. However, recent studies have shown the feasibility of using other types of battery systems within the waterborne transport sector, like lithium iron phosphate (LFP) and lithium titanate (LTO), which provide different performances and costs with reference to the NMC.<\/p>\nFig. 1: Module level converter solution<\/figcaption><\/figure>\nThere has been significant advancements in the development of innovative battery system technologies, such as the SEABAT project, and in the use of different types of batteries within the waterborne transport sector. This has led to a significant increase in the construction of pure electric vessels, where medium-sized vessels with a short autonomy can be fully powered by the on-board battery system.<\/p>\n
Likewise, \u2018plug-in hybrid\u2019 applications have a significant share of the total market and, in the near future, will partially replace the traditional hybrid configurations, also thanks to the systematic electrification of ports and docks, which would allow the batteries to be charged during stops in port, significantly reducing the polluting emissions of vessels.<\/p>\n
Please note, this article will also appear in the fourteenth edition of our\u00a0quarterly publication<\/a>.<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Discover how the SEABAT project will develop a fully-electric maritime hybrid concept to reduce emissions in the maritime sector.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":22,"featured_media":33030,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[24425],"tags":[529,582,24163,24495],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\n
The SEABAT project: Electrifying the maritime sector<\/title>\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\t \n\t \n\t \n \n \n \n \n \n\t \n\t \n\t \n