{"id":19969,"date":"2022-03-31T11:26:03","date_gmt":"2022-03-31T10:26:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.innovationnewsnetwork.com\/?p=19969"},"modified":"2022-03-31T11:26:03","modified_gmt":"2022-03-31T10:26:03","slug":"flowers-visible-colours-help-ensure-pollination-survival","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.innovationnewsnetwork.com\/flowers-visible-colours-help-ensure-pollination-survival\/19969\/","title":{"rendered":"Flowers\u2019 visible colours can help to ensure pollination survival"},"content":{"rendered":"

Different substances that are invisible to the human eye and found in the petals of flowers, attract insects with a \u2018bulls-eye\u2019 that is the key to pollination survival.<\/h2>\n

According to scientists at Clemson University<\/a>, the different invisible substances found in the petals of flowers create a \u2018bulls-eye\u2019 that attracts pollinating insects<\/a>. A new research study, led by Mattahew Koski, an assistant professor of\u00a0biological sciences\u00a0in the Clemson\u00a0College of Science, studied the bright, yellow flowers of\u00a0Argentina anserina<\/em>\u00a0\u2014 a member of the rose family commonly known as silverweed. His study forefronts the chemical changes in flowers that aids them to respond to environmental changes, including climate change, that might threaten pollination survival.<\/p>\n

Koski chose to analyse the silverweed flower<\/em> to learn how pigments in the petals that are visible only within the ultraviolet spectrum play an integral part in the plant\u2019s plasticity and ability to quickly respond to a changing environment. The research team also included Clemson researchers Lindsay Finnell, Elizabeth Leonard and Nishanth Tharayil. The journal\u00a0Evolution<\/em>\u00a0featured the\u00a0findings\u00a0on the cover of its March edition.<\/p>\n

UV-absorbing chemicals in the plants\u2019 petals<\/h3>\n

The researchers studied silverweed growing at different elevations in Southwestern Colorado to better understand the roles of the various UV-absorbing chemicals in the plants\u2019 petals, and how these chemicals work to aid in pollination and, thus, reproduction. Koski explained that although humans cannot see the UV patterns on the flower\u2019s petals, many of its pollinators can.<\/p>\n

\u201cI\u2019ve always been fascinated with how [colour variation of flowers] arises, how it evolves and what factors drive the evolution of colour variation,\u201d explained Koski. \u201cI got interested in thinking about how we perceive colour versus how the organisms that interact more frequently with flowers perceive colour.<\/p>\n

\u201cInsects \u2014 pollinators, for example\u2014see in the ultraviolet spectrum. So, flowers that reflect or absorb ultraviolet wavelengths give (to pollinators) the perception of different colours that we cannot see. I have been fascinated with uncovering what these UV signals might be doing functionally with respect to pollination. When I thought about the trait of interest in ultraviolet absorption, it is biochemistry. It is a biochemical trait that leads to different perceptions of UV absorption and reflectance.\u201d<\/p>\n

A large collection of plants has concentrations of UV-absorbing chemicals at the base of the flower\u2019s petals, while the tips of the petals have more UV-reflecting chemicals. This creates a \u2018bulls-eye\u2019 effect that guides insects in their search for pollen.<\/p>\n

\"Pollination<\/p>\n

How plants adapt to their environments<\/h3>\n

The research team sought to uncover more about how the plants adapt to different environments \u2013 specifically how they adapt to a difference in altitude of 1,000 metres. They discovered that flowers at different altitudes adapt to their environments by producing varying amounts of UV-blocking or UV-absorbing chemicals.<\/p>\n

\u201cAt higher elevations, there are always more UV-absorbing compounds or larger spatial area of UV absorption on the petals, compared to the low-elevation populations,\u201d Koski explained.<\/p>\n

The researchers stated that this demonstrates the plant\u2019s plasticity, and how differing traits arise in the same organisms under different environmental conditions and constraints. This is a critical step in understanding how organisms adapt to survive change.<\/p>\n

\u201cWhat is important about plasticity is, when we think about climate change and global change, plasticity is one mechanism by which natural populations can respond really rapidly to changing climates and persist under those climates,\u201d Koski said. \u201cThe process of evolution, where you\u2019re getting changes in the genetic code over time, is thought to proceed more slowly than just responding plastically to environmental change.\u201d<\/p>\n

One question raised by the research study is whether plastic responses to environmental situations are adaptive. Do they offer any advantage to an organism, or are they changes in how a trait develops because of the environment without impacting plant fitness?<\/p>\n

\u201cOne thing this study found is that the plastic change in UV pigmentation benefited the plant, especially the ones at high elevations because increases in ultraviolet absorption on the petals resulted in increased pollen viability,\u201d Koski added.<\/p>\n

Pollination survival<\/h3>\n

This research has the potential to help scientists better understand how organisms respond to environmental changes and even predict if or how certain organisms would be able to survive rapid environmental change. The research could also be important for agriculture as some of the same UV-sensitive pigments at work in silverweed are also present in commercial crops such as mustard and sunflowers. This research could help to ensure successful pollination survival.<\/p>\n

\u201cIt is interesting to think about if abiotic factors like UV or temperature are shifting the expression of these traits, how is that going to impact how pollinators view the flowers, and how that is going to affect things like yield and seed production in crops, for example,\u201d Koski stated. The team\u2019s research could also be valuable for home gardeners trying to attract specific types of pollinators to their plants.<\/p>\n

\u201cI think one thing people think about is planting a diversity of flowers with different colours and morphologies to attract many different types of pollinators, like a pollinator-friendly garden,\u201d Koski concluded. \u201cOne thing to think about is that we often do not know all the details of what colours are perceived by pollinators, and how that could be changing with the seasons. Just because things may look very similar to us, they may actually be very diverse to pollinators and could attract a different suite of pollinators than we expect.\u201d<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Different substances that are invisible to the human eye and found in the petals of flowers, attract insects with a \u2018bulls-eye\u2019 that is the key to pollination survival. According to scientists at Clemson University, the different invisible substances found in the petals of flowers create a \u2018bulls-eye\u2019 that attracts pollinating insects. A new research study, […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":19,"featured_media":19971,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[24433,785],"tags":[3475,689,789],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nFlowers\u2019 visible colours can help to ensure pollination survival<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Invisible substances that are found in the petals of flowers, attract insects with a \u2018bulls-eye\u2019 that is the key to pollination survival.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.innovationnewsnetwork.com\/flowers-visible-colours-help-ensure-pollination-survival\/19969\/\" \/>\n<meta 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