{"id":17275,"date":"2022-01-20T16:08:12","date_gmt":"2022-01-20T16:08:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.innovationnewsnetwork.com\/?p=17275"},"modified":"2022-01-20T16:08:12","modified_gmt":"2022-01-20T16:08:12","slug":"hubble-discovers-black-hole-igniting-star-formation-dwarf-galaxy","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.innovationnewsnetwork.com\/hubble-discovers-black-hole-igniting-star-formation-dwarf-galaxy\/17275\/","title":{"rendered":"Hubble discovers black hole igniting star formation in a dwarf galaxy"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2><span data-contrast=\"auto\">NASA&#8217;s Hubble Space Telescope\u00a0has discovered a black hole in the centre of dwarf galaxy,\u00a0Henize\u00a02-10, that is integral to star formation.<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">A black hole at the\u00a0centre\u00a0of the dwarf galaxy\u00a0Henize\u00a02-10, which is situated 30 million light-years away, in the southern constellation Pyxis, is helping to generate new\u00a0stars\u00a0as opposed to destroying them.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Star formation in\u00a0Henize\u00a02-10<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">This\u00a0fascinating\u00a0breakthrough\u00a0has\u00a0Henize\u00a02-10,\u00a0which is home to\u00a0only one-tenth the number of stars found in our Milky Way,\u00a0is in position\u00a0to play a\u00a0major role\u00a0in\u00a0unravelling\u00a0the mystery of where supermassive black holes came from in the first place.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">The Hubble Space Telescope\u00a0represents\u00a0global\u00a0cooperation between NASA and\u00a0the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/\">European Space Agency<\/a>. NASA&#8217;s Goddard Space Flight\u00a0Center\u00a0in Greenbelt, Maryland,\u00a0oversees\u00a0the telescope. The Space Telescope Science Institute (STScI) in Baltimore, Maryland,\u00a0administers\u00a0Hubble science operations.\u00a0STScI\u00a0is operated for NASA by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy in Washington, D.C.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">&#8220;Ten years ago, as a graduate student thinking I would spend my career on star formation, I looked at the data from\u00a0Henize\u00a02-10 and everything changed,&#8221;\u00a0explained\u00a0Amy\u00a0Reines, who published the first evidence for a black hole in the galaxy in 2011 and is the\u00a0now the\u00a0principal investigator on the new Hubble observations.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">The research was published in the January 19 issue of\u00a0<\/span><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Nature<\/span><\/i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Resolving the mystery of black holes<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">&#8220;From the beginning I knew something unusual and special was happening in\u00a0Henize\u00a02-10, and now Hubble has provided a very clear picture of the connection between the black hole and a\u00a0neighbouring\u00a0star forming region located 230 light-years from the black hole,&#8221;\u00a0added\u00a0Reines.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">&#8220;At only 30 million light-years away,\u00a0Henize\u00a02-10 is close enough that Hubble was able to capture both images and spectroscopic evidence of a black hole outflow very clearly. The additional surprise was that, rather than suppressing star formation, the outflow was triggering the birth of new stars,&#8221; said Zachary Schutte,\u00a0Reines&#8217; graduate student and lead author of the new study.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span data-contrast=\"auto\">The role of radio and X-ray emissions<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Ever since her first\u00a0breakthrough\u00a0of distinctive radio and X-ray emissions in\u00a0Henize\u00a02-10,\u00a0Reines\u00a0has theorised that they originate\u00a0from a massive black hole, but not as supermassive as those seen in larger galaxies.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Meanwhile, other astronomers, hypothesised that the radiation was likely being emanated by a supernova vestige, which would be a typical occurrence in a galaxy that is\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">rapidly\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">pumping out massive stars that quickly explode.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">&#8220;Hubble&#8217;s amazing resolution clearly shows a corkscrew-like pattern in the velocities of the gas, which we can fit to the model of a\u00a0processing, or wobbling, outflow from a black hole. A supernova remnant would not have that pattern, and so it is effectively our smoking-gun proof that this is a black hole,&#8221;\u00a0Reines\u00a0explained.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Reines\u00a0anticipates\u00a0that\u00a0further\u00a0investigation\u00a0will be\u00a0aimed\u00a0at dwarf galaxy black holes\u00a0going forward, with the\u00a0intention\u00a0of\u00a0utilising\u00a0them\u00a0help understand\u00a0how supermassive black holes came to\u00a0exist in the\u00a0early\u00a0Universe.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">The black hole in\u00a0Henize\u00a02-10 is around\u00a0one\u00a0million solar masses. In\u00a0bigger\u00a0galaxies, black holes can be more than\u00a0one\u00a0billion times our Sun&#8217;s mass. The\u00a0larger\u00a0the host galaxy, the\u00a0larger\u00a0the central black hole.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span data-contrast=\"auto\">The origin of\u00a0supermassive\u00a0black holes<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Present theories on the source of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.innovationnewsnetwork.com\/galactic-wind-reveals-oldest-supermassive-black-hole-in-the-universe\/12504\/\">supermassive black holes<\/a> break down into three categories. First, they developed similarly to smaller stellar-mass black holes, from the implosion of stars, and assembled enough material to grow supermassive.<br \/>\n<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> Secondly,\u00a0special conditions in the early\u00a0Universe\u00a0enabled\u00a0for the\u00a0development\u00a0of supermassive stars, which collapsed to form massive black hole\u00a0\u2018seeds\u2019. Finally,\u00a0seeds of\u00a0potential\u00a0supermassive black holes\u00a0originated from\u00a0dense star clusters, where the cluster&#8217;s overall mass would have been\u00a0great enough to\u00a0produce\u00a0them from gravitational collapse.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">At present<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">, none of these theories seem more likely than any other. Dwarf galaxies such as Henize 2-10 present promising clues to this mystery, as they have stayed small over cosmic time, as opposed to enduring the growth and mergers of bigger galaxies such as the Milky Way.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Astronomers\u00a0believe\u00a0that dwarf galaxy black holes\u00a0may\u00a0act\u00a0as an\u00a0analogue\u00a0for black holes in the early\u00a0Universe, when they were\u00a0starting\u00a0to\u00a0take shape\u00a0and\u00a0expand.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">&#8220;The era of the first black holes is not something that we have been able to see, so it really has become the big question: where did they come from? Dwarf galaxies may retain some memory of the black hole seeding scenario that has otherwise been lost to time and space,&#8221;\u00a0Reines\u00a0concluded.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>NASA&#8217;s Hubble Space Telescope\u00a0has discovered a black hole in the centre of dwarf galaxy,\u00a0Henize\u00a02-10, that is integral to star formation. A black hole at the\u00a0centre\u00a0of the dwarf galaxy\u00a0Henize\u00a02-10, which is situated 30 million light-years away, in the southern constellation Pyxis, is helping to generate new\u00a0stars\u00a0as opposed to destroying them.\u00a0\u00a0 Star formation in\u00a0Henize\u00a02-10\u00a0 This\u00a0fascinating\u00a0breakthrough\u00a0has\u00a0Henize\u00a02-10,\u00a0which is home [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":13,"featured_media":17276,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[771],"tags":[818,3477],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\n<title>Hubble discovers black hole igniting star formation in a dwarf galaxy<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"NASA&#039;s Hubble Space Telescope has discovered a black 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