{"id":17241,"date":"2022-01-19T16:07:18","date_gmt":"2022-01-19T16:07:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.innovationnewsnetwork.com\/?p=17241"},"modified":"2022-01-19T16:09:35","modified_gmt":"2022-01-19T16:09:35","slug":"spacecraft-solar-panels-mars-orbit","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.innovationnewsnetwork.com\/spacecraft-solar-panels-mars-orbit\/17241\/","title":{"rendered":"Novel method utilises\u00a0spacecraft solar panels to achieve\u00a0preferred\u00a0Mars orbit\u00a0"},"content":{"rendered":"

Researchers at the\u00a0University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign\u00a0have developed an innovative\u00a0automatic control technique\u00a0that\u00a0uses\u00a0spacecraft solar panels to reach\u00a0desired Mars orbit.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/h2>\n

A satellite on a mission to Mars\u00a0targets\u00a0a low-altitude orbit,\u00a0however,\u00a0the lower the orbit, the more\u00a0propellant is\u00a0necessary\u00a0to\u00a0pass into\u00a0orbit from Earth.\u00a0In order to\u00a0reduce the quantity of\u00a0propellant\u00a0used, a\u00a0method\u00a0known as\u00a0aerobraking\u00a0is employed.\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Aerobraking<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/h3>\n

This uses\u00a0a small propulsive\u00a0manoeuvre\u00a0for orbit insertion to\u00a0move into\u00a0a\u00a0sizeable\u00a0orbit; the satellite then\u00a0takes\u00a0numerous\u00a0passes through the upper atmosphere,\u00a0exploiting\u00a0drag on the solar panels to\u00a0lessen\u00a0the\u00a0scope\u00a0of the orbit\u00a0a\u00a0slight\u00a0amount\u00a0each pass until the orbit is the\u00a0necessary\u00a0size for science operations.\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

This aerobraking\u00a0method\u00a0necessitates between\u00a0three\u00a0and\u00a0six months to complete and\u00a0entails\u00a0near-continuous\u00a0observation\u00a0by a ground team on Earth.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Utilising solar panels<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/h3>\n

Aerospace engineers at the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign<\/a>\u00a0established\u00a0a\u00a0means\u00a0of utilising\u00a0articulated solar panels to\u00a0navigate\u00a0the satellite\u00a0for the duration of\u00a0aerobraking,\u00a0decreasing\u00a0the\u00a0quantity\u00a0of passes\u00a0necessary,\u00a0leading to\u00a0a\u00a0possible\u00a0reduction\u00a0in propellant\u00a0use,\u00a0as well as being more time saving and economical.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cIf we can rotate the solar panels, we can control how much drag is generated and we can actually steer during the atmospheric passes to control heating and energy depletion,\u201d\u00a0explained\u00a0AE Professor Zach Putnam. \u201cThis means we can fly much closer to operational constraints, and aerobrake much faster.\u201d<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Putnam\u2019s Ph.D. student,\u00a0Giusy\u00a0Falcone,\u00a0\u00a0utilised\u00a0the satellite\u2019s\u00a0capability\u00a0to rotate their solar panels and\u00a0determined\u00a0how the panels\u00a0can\u00a0be\u00a0applied\u00a0to optimise and control the drag.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cGiusy\u00a0developed a real-time algorithm that you might think of as an autopilot that uses information from the spacecraft\u2019s onboard navigation system to determine the angle of the solar panels in real time, based on current atmospheric conditions,\u201d Putnam\u00a0added.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Mitigating difficulties<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/h3>\n

The\u00a0most significant\u00a0limiting factor\u00a0through the duration of\u00a0flight is the temperature of the solar panels. When a satellite hits the molecules in the Mars<\/a> atmosphere, the friction\u00a0warms\u00a0the panels, and over-heating the solar panels can\u00a0destroy\u00a0the spacecraft.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cBeing able to steer the satellite during each atmospheric pass enables us to ensure we do\u00a0not\u00a0over temperature the solar panels while flying much closer to the thermal limit. This is a big improvement. Instead of aerobraking for three to six months, it might only take a couple of weeks.\u201d<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

This\u00a0research has focused on\u00a0automating\u00a0merely\u00a0one pass through the atmosphere. This\u00a0method\u00a0would be\u00a0replicated\u00a0several\u00a0times\u00a0throughout\u00a0a complete aerobraking campaign,\u00a0Putnam\u00a0explained.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Reducing satellites\u2019 orbit<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/h3>\n

The team noted\u00a0that as the satellite\u2019s orbit\u00a0reduces, the\u00a0length of time\u00a0it takes to\u00a0carry out\u00a0one orbit\u00a0therefore becomes\u00a0reduced,\u00a0until the orbits are so short that there\u00a0is not\u00a0time to\u00a0transfer\u00a0information from the spacecraft to Earth, wait for a decision, then send commands back to make a correction.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cBecause it is automatic,\u00a0Giusy\u2019s\u00a0algorithm is particularly helpful at that last stage when the orbits are very rapid, but the algorithm can be used for the entire process,\u201d\u00a0Putnam added.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

This is the first\u00a0step\u00a0in the direction of\u00a0establishing\u00a0an autonomous\u00a0capacity\u00a0for aerobraking that has\u00a0repercussions\u00a0for\u00a0decreasing\u00a0cost and mission risk on a\u00a0greater\u00a0scale.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cThe trip out to Mars takes somewhere between six to nine months. We can’t really change that, but we think we can shorten the time it takes to aerobrake to a low-altitude orbit,\u201d\u00a0he\u00a0commented. \u201cAnd the propellant onboard we save can be used to do other things like keep the spacecraft alive longer.\u201d<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Optimising space travel<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/h3>\n

Putnam\u00a0explained that\u00a0the\u00a0present\u00a0aerobraking\u00a0technique\u00a0is also operationally\u00a0demanding\u00a0with a ground team\u00a0at work\u00a024 hours a day for about six months.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cYou can imagine how expensive it is for a ground team working around the clock,\u201d he\u00a0concluded. \u201cThere is also limited bandwidth for ground stations that can talk to Mars. We have only three and they\u00a0are oversubscribed as it is.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cThis software would greatly reduce our reliance on ground stations. If we can automate it onboard and only\u00a0have to\u00a0check in with the spacecraft once a week, that would really bring costs down.\u00a0And,\u00a0it could be done by many satellites at the same time.\u201d<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Researchers at the\u00a0University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign\u00a0have developed an innovative\u00a0automatic control technique\u00a0that\u00a0uses\u00a0spacecraft solar panels to reach\u00a0desired Mars orbit.\u00a0 A satellite on a mission to Mars\u00a0targets\u00a0a low-altitude orbit,\u00a0however,\u00a0the lower the orbit, the more\u00a0propellant is\u00a0necessary\u00a0to\u00a0pass into\u00a0orbit from Earth.\u00a0In order to\u00a0reduce the quantity of\u00a0propellant\u00a0used, a\u00a0method\u00a0known as\u00a0aerobraking\u00a0is employed.\u00a0\u00a0 Aerobraking\u00a0 This uses\u00a0a small propulsive\u00a0manoeuvre\u00a0for orbit insertion to\u00a0move into\u00a0a\u00a0sizeable\u00a0orbit; the satellite then\u00a0takes\u00a0numerous\u00a0passes […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":13,"featured_media":17242,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[771],"tags":[24130,3477,809],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nMethod\u00a0utilises\u00a0spacecraft solar panels to\u00a0achieve\u00a0preferred\u00a0Mars orbit\u00a0<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Researchers have developed an innovative\u00a0automatic control technique\u00a0that\u00a0uses\u00a0spacecraft solar panels to reach\u00a0desired Mars orbit.\u00a0\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.innovationnewsnetwork.com\/spacecraft-solar-panels-mars-orbit\/17241\/\" \/>\n<meta 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