{"id":17039,"date":"2022-01-14T13:53:24","date_gmt":"2022-01-14T13:53:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.innovationnewsnetwork.com\/?p=17039"},"modified":"2022-03-02T10:58:42","modified_gmt":"2022-03-02T10:58:42","slug":"co2-concentration-is-affecting-the-photosynthesis-of-peat-forming-mosses","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.innovationnewsnetwork.com\/co2-concentration-is-affecting-the-photosynthesis-of-peat-forming-mosses\/17039\/","title":{"rendered":"CO2 concentration is affecting the photosynthesis of peat-forming mosses"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>Scientists from Ume\u00e5 University and the Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences have explored how a rise in atmospheric CO<sub>2 <\/sub>concentration is globally affecting the photosynthesis of peat-forming mosses.<\/h2>\n<p>A collection of scientists at <a href=\"https:\/\/www.umu.se\/en\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Ume\u00e5 University<\/a>, Sweden, and the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.slu.se\/en\/\/utbildning\/?utm_source=bing&amp;utm_medium=cpc&amp;utm_campaign=Nationell%20antagning%20(Eng)%20-%20(2.0)&amp;utm_term=SwedIsh%20university%20of%20agricultural%20sciences&amp;utm_content=SLU%20-%20Exact\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences<\/a>, have collaboratively developed ways to decipher the effects of the rise in CO<sub>2 <\/sub>concentration during the past 100 years on metabolic fluxes of the key <a href=\"https:\/\/www.innovationnewsnetwork.com\/common-plants-pollinators-anchors-ecosystems\/10836\/\">plant species<\/a> in peatlands, mosses.<\/p>\n<p>An analysis of cellulose in peat cores collected by collaborating scientists, working in five continents, indicates that a CO<sub>2<\/sub>-driven increase in photosynthesis of mosses is strongly dependent on the water table, which may change the species composition of peat moss communities.<\/p>\n<h3>The importance to capture CO<sub>2 <\/sub>concentration<\/h3>\n<p>As human CO<sub>2 <\/sub>emissions continue, it is increasingly important to capture CO<sub>2<\/sub> in order to mitigate the associated climate change effects. Peatlands are the largest soil carbon stores globally, but the impact of climate change on peatlands remains unclear. During the 20th century, global atmospheric CO<sub>2<\/sub> concentrations have increased by nearly 50% and further increases are inevitable according to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, IPCC, with severe consequences for humanity. Currently, an uptake of CO<sub>2<\/sub> by the land biosphere has dampened the CO<sub>2<\/sub> rise and prevented even more severe effects.<\/p>\n<p>Although peatlands cover only 3% of the global land surface, they store a third of the global soil carbon. Thus, an uptake of CO<sub>2<\/sub> by peat mosses is important, but little is known about how their physiology is affected by rising CO<sub>2 <\/sub>levels. To understand if peatlands will continue to store carbon and mitigate climate change in the future, the scientists investigated peat mosses\u2019 responses to the increase in atmospheric CO<sub>2 <\/sub>levels.<\/p>\n<p>Collaborating researchers from five continents collected peat cores from ten locations worldwide for the study. In a novel use of nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, distributions of the stable hydrogen isotope deuterium in cellulose of modern and century-old peat mosses were then compared. This allowed researchers to reconstruct changes in photosynthetic efficiency during the 20th century, by estimating the impact of photorespiration, a side reaction of photosynthesis.<\/p>\n<h3>Photosynthetic efficiency in peat mosses<\/h3>\n<p>\u201cPhotorespiration is critical for the carbon balance of plants because it reduces the efficiency of photosynthesis by up to 35%, and it is suppressed by increasing CO<sub>2<\/sub> but accelerated by increasing temperature,\u201d explained J\u00fcrgen Schleucher, Professor at Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics at Ume\u00e5 University, Sweden.<\/p>\n<p>The analysis revealed that increasing CO<sub>2<\/sub> during the last 100 years has reduced photorespiration, which has almost certainly boosted carbon storage in peatlands to date and dampened climate change. However, increasing atmospheric CO<sub>2<\/sub> only reduced photorespiration in peatlands when water levels were intermediate, not when conditions were too wet or too dry.<\/p>\n<p>Unlike higher plants, mosses cannot transport water, so the water table level controls their moisture content, which affects their photosynthetic performance. As a result, models based on higher plants\u2019 physiological responses cannot be applied.<\/p>\n<h3>Water table level<\/h3>\n<p>That the effect of CO<sub>2<\/sub> depends on the water table level can have major consequences for peatland species composition, as only mosses that grow at an intermediate distance from the water table level benefit from the higher atmospheric CO<sub>2<\/sub> concentration. Moreover, changes in the peatlands\u2019 water balance can strongly affect their future carbon balance, as too wet or too dry conditions reduce peat mosses\u2019 ability to scavenge carbon.<\/p>\n<p>Although peatlands have dampened CO<sub>2<\/sub>-driven climate change so far, the changes have already had devastating effects. If human CO<sub>2<\/sub> emissions are not strongly reduced, the atmospheric CO<sub>2<\/sub> concentration will further increase by hundreds of ppm by 2100, and average global temperatures will rise several <sup>o<\/sup>C above pre-industrial levels. It is unclear how peatlands will be affected by this.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cTo get a clearer picture of photorespiration\u2019s importance for peat mosses and peat carbon accumulation, the next step is to transfer our data into tailored photosynthesis models to estimate global peatland carbon fluxes. Future CO<sub>2<\/sub> levels, temperature rises, changes in precipitation and water table levels will all need to be considered to forecast peatlands\u2019 fate in a changing climate,\u201d concluded Schleucher.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Scientists from Ume\u00e5 University and the Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences have explored how a rise in atmospheric CO2 concentration is globally affecting the photosynthesis of peat-forming mosses. A collection of scientists at Ume\u00e5 University, Sweden, and the Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, have collaboratively developed ways to decipher the effects of the rise in [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":19,"featured_media":17046,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[24433,785],"tags":[3475,689,789],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\n<title>CO2 concentration is affecting the photosynthesis of peat-forming mosses<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Scientists have explored how a rise in atmospheric CO2 concentration is globally affecting the photosynthesis of peat-forming mosses.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, 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