{"id":16965,"date":"2022-01-12T16:01:14","date_gmt":"2022-01-12T16:01:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.innovationnewsnetwork.com\/?p=16965"},"modified":"2022-01-12T16:01:14","modified_gmt":"2022-01-12T16:01:14","slug":"unique-globular-clusters-hold-answers-to-galaxy-evolution","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.innovationnewsnetwork.com\/unique-globular-clusters-hold-answers-to-galaxy-evolution\/16965\/","title":{"rendered":"Unique globular clusters may hold answers to galaxy evolution\u00a0\u00a0"},"content":{"rendered":"

A group of astronomers at the University of Arizona have discovered an unprecedented quantity of globular clusters, which could shed light on galaxy evolution.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/h2>\n

Discovering globular clusters<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/h3>\n

The novel globular clusters were found during a survey of the\u00a0elliptical galaxy Centaurus A, which was\u00a0completed\u00a0utilising\u00a0a combination of ground and space-based telescopes. These observations led to a unique\u00a0breakthrough\u00a0in the in the outer regions of the galaxy:\u00a0a formerly undiscovered wealth\u00a0of globular clusters, which are\u00a0old,\u00a0concentrated\u00a0groups of thousands of stars that all formed\u00a0simultaneously.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Understanding galaxy evolution<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/h3>\n

The\u00a0team\u2019s findings\u00a0represent\u00a0a\u00a0considerable\u00a0advancement\u00a0in\u00a0our comprehension of\u00a0the architecture and cosmological history of this galaxy and\u00a0deliver\u00a0new insights into galaxy formation and the distribution of dark matter<\/a> in the\u00a0Universe.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Centaurus A<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/h3>\n

Centaurus A, also known as NGC 5128, is an\u00a0elliptical galaxy\u00a0showcasing\u00a0a relativistic jet spewing from a supermassive black hole at its\u00a0centre\u00a0and\u00a0magnificent\u00a0streams of\u00a0dispersed\u00a0stars left behind by past collisions and mergers with smaller galaxies orbiting Centaurus A.\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Situated\u00a0in the constellation Centaurus,\u00a013\u00a0million light-years from Earth, Centaurus A is too far away\u00a0for\u00a0astronomers to\u00a0visualise\u00a0specific\u00a0stars, but star clusters can be\u00a0detected\u00a0and\u00a0employed\u00a0as\u00a0\u2018fossil evidence\u2019\u00a0of the galaxy’s\u00a0turbulent\u00a0evolution.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

The researchers\u00a0have exhibited\u00a0a\u00a0novel\u00a0catalogue\u00a0of\u00a0roughly\u00a040,000\u00a0globular cluster candidates in Centaurus A,\u00a0suggesting\u00a0follow-up observations\u00a0centred\u00a0on a set of 1,900 that are\u00a0the\u00a0most\u00a0probable\u00a0true globular clusters.\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

The\u00a0team\u00a0examined\u00a0globular cluster candidates out to a projected radius of approximately 150 kiloparsecs,\u00a0nearly half\u00a0a million light-years from the galaxy’s\u00a0centre. The data\u00a0merges\u00a0observations from\u00a0a number of\u00a0sources\u00a0including\u00a0the Panoramic Imaging Survey of Centaurus and Sculptor, or\u00a0PISCeS; Gaia, a space observatory of the European Space Agency, and the NOAO Source\u00a0Catalog.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Studying the galaxy’s outer regions<\/h3>\n

Centaurus A has been\u00a0the\u00a0foremost\u00a0target for extragalactic globular cluster studies\u00a0as a result of\u00a0its\u00a0prosperity\u00a0and\u00a0relative closeness\u00a0to Earth, but thus far most\u00a0studies have\u00a0been fixated\u00a0on the inner 40 kiloparsecs (about 130,500 light-years) of the galaxy, Hughes explained, leaving the outer\u00a0regions\u00a0of the galaxy\u00a0mostly\u00a0uncharted.\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

“We’re using the Gaia satellite<\/a>, which mostly focuses on surveys within our own galaxy, the Milky Way, in a new way in that we link up its observations with telescopes on the ground, in this case the Magellan Clay telescope in Chile and the Anglo-Australian Telescope in Australia.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

“Centaurus A may look like an odd outlier, but that’s only because we can get close enough to see its nitty gritty details.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

“More likely than not, both elliptical and spiral galaxies like the Milky Way are messier than we realize as soon as we look a little bit deeper than just on the surface,”\u00a0explained Hughes.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Analysing cosmological history<\/span><\/h3>\n

Hughes added that globular clusters serve as evidence of processes that\u00a0occurred an incredibly long time ago.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

“For example, if you see a line of these globular clusters that all have similar metallicity (chemical composition) and move with similar radial velocity, we know they must have come from the same dwarf galaxy or some similar object that collided with Centaurus A and is now in the process of being assimilated.”<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

“Globular clusters are interesting because they can be used as tracers of structures and processes in other galaxies where we can’t resolve individual stars,” Hughes\u00a0added. “They hold on to chemical signatures, such as the elemental composition of their individual stars, so they tell us something about the environment in which they formed.”<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

The\u00a0team\u00a0specifically\u00a0searched\u00a0for globular clusters far from the\u00a0centre\u00a0of the galaxy\u00a0since\u00a0Centaurus A’s substructure\u00a0points towards\u00a0a large,\u00a0unexplored\u00a0population of such clusters, Hughes explained.\u00a0Earlier\u00a0observations had\u00a0discovered\u00a0nearly\u00a0600\u00a0clusters in the more central regions, but the outer regions of the galaxy had remained largely uncharted.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

“We looked farther out and discovered more than 100 new clusters already, and most likely there are more, because we haven’t even finished processing the data.”\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

“We can then use that data to reconstruct the architecture and movements in that galaxy, and also figure out its mass,” Hughes said. “From that we can eventually subtract all its stars and see what’s left \u2013 that invisible mass must be its dark matter,”\u00a0Hughes concluded.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

A group of astronomers at the University of Arizona have discovered an unprecedented quantity of globular clusters, which could shed light on galaxy evolution.\u00a0 Discovering globular clusters\u00a0 The novel globular clusters were found during a survey of the\u00a0elliptical galaxy Centaurus A, which was\u00a0completed\u00a0utilising\u00a0a combination of ground and space-based telescopes. These observations led to a unique\u00a0breakthrough\u00a0in […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":13,"featured_media":16966,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[771],"tags":[818,3477],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nUnique globular clusters may hold answers to galaxy evolution\u00a0\u00a0<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"A group of astronomers at the University of Arizona have discovered an unprecedented quantity of globular clusters, which could shed light on galaxy evolution.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" 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