{"id":16753,"date":"2022-01-05T13:19:54","date_gmt":"2022-01-05T13:19:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.innovationnewsnetwork.com\/?p=16753"},"modified":"2022-01-05T13:19:54","modified_gmt":"2022-01-05T13:19:54","slug":"study-exposes-hostile-conditions-on-earth-as-life-evolved","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.innovationnewsnetwork.com\/study-exposes-hostile-conditions-on-earth-as-life-evolved\/16753\/","title":{"rendered":"Study exposes hostile conditions on Earth as life evolved"},"content":{"rendered":"

Researchers have explored the Earths biosphere, UV radiation and Co2 levels using a climate model to analyse the Earth’s planetary habitability as life evolved.<\/h2>\n

During long durations of the past 2.4 billion years, researchers have discovered that the Earth may have been more inhospitable\u202fto life than scientists previously thought, according to\u202fnew\u202fcomputer simulations.<\/p>\n

Climate\u00a0model analysis<\/h3>\n

UV radiation is emitted by the sun and can damage and destroy biologically important molecules such as proteins. Using a state-of-the-art climate model, researchers now believe the level of ultraviolet (UV) radiation reaching the Earth\u2019s surface could have been underestimated, with UV levels being up to ten times higher. This highlights the more hostile conditions on Earth that were present during early life evolution.<\/p>\n

The past 2.4 billion years\u202fis an important chapter in the development of\u202fthe biosphere.\u202fOxygen levels rose from almost zero to significant amounts in the atmosphere, with concentrations fluctuating and eventually reaching modern day concentrations approximately 400 million years ago.<\/p>\n

During this time, more complex multicellular organisms and animals began to colonise on land. Gregory Cooke, a PhD researcher at the University of Leeds<\/a>, and leader of the study, said that the findings raise\u202fnew\u202fquestions about the evolutionary impact of UV radiation as many forms of life are known to be negatively affected by intense doses of UV radiation.<\/p>\n

UV radiation impact<\/h3>\n

\u201cWe know that UV radiation can have disastrous effects if life is exposed to too much,\u201d explained Cooke. \u201cFor example, it can cause skin cancer in humans. Some organisms have effective defence mechanisms, and many can repair some of the damage UV radiation causes. Whilst elevated amounts of UV radiation would not prevent life\u2019s emergence or evolution, it could have acted as a selection pressure, with organisms better able to cope with greater amounts of UV radiation receiving an advantage.\u201d<\/p>\n

The amount of UV radiation reaching the Earth is limited by the ozone in the atmosphere. This is described by the researchers as being one of the most important molecules for life, due to\u202fits\u202frole\u202fin absorbing UV radiation as it passes into the Earth\u2019s atmosphere.<\/p>\n

Ozone forms as a result of sunlight and chemical reactions, and its concentration is dependent on the level of oxygen present in the atmosphere. For the last 40 years, scientists have believed that the ozone layer was able to shield life from harmful UV radiation when the level of oxygen\u202fin the atmosphere reached about 1%, which is relative to the present atmospheric level. However, the researcher\u2019s new modelling challenges that assumption.<\/p>\n

Study results of conditions on earth as life evolved<\/h3>\n

It suggests that the\u202flevel\u202fof\u202foxygen\u202frequired could have been\u202fmuch higher, up to about 10% higher than current atmospheric levels. As a result,\u202fthere were periods when UV radiation levels at the Earth\u2019s surface were\u202fmuch greater, and this could have been the case for most of the Earth\u2019s history, highlighting again the hostile conditions present on Earth.<\/p>\n

\u201cIf our modelling is indicative of atmospheric scenarios during Earth\u2019s oxygenated history, then for over a billion years the Earth could have been bathed in UV radiation that was much more intense than previously believed,\u201d explained Cooke. \u201cThis may have had fascinating consequences for life\u2019s evolution. It is not precisely known when animals emerged, or what conditions they encountered in the oceans or on land. However, depending on oxygen concentrations, animals and plants could have faced much harsher conditions than today\u2019s world. We hope that the full evolutionary impact of our results can be explored in the future.\u201d<\/p>\n

The findings can also result in new predictions for exoplanet<\/a> atmospheres. Exoplanets are planets that orbit other stars. The presence of certain gases, including oxygen and ozone, may indicate the possibility of extra-terrestrial life, and the results of this study will aid in the scientific understanding of surface conditions on other worlds.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Researchers have explored the Earths biosphere, UV radiation and Co2 levels using a climate model to analyse the Earth’s planetary habitability as life evolved. During long durations of the past 2.4 billion years, researchers have discovered that the Earth may have been more inhospitable\u202fto life than scientists previously thought, according to\u202fnew\u202fcomputer simulations. Climate\u00a0model analysis UV […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":19,"featured_media":16754,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[766,24429],"tags":[3478,689,789],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nStudy exposes hostile conditions on Earth as life evolved<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Researchers explore the Earths biosphere, UV and Co2 levels using a climate model to analyse the Earth's habitability as life evolved.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.innovationnewsnetwork.com\/study-exposes-hostile-conditions-on-earth-as-life-evolved\/16753\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" 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