{"id":16521,"date":"2021-12-28T12:00:54","date_gmt":"2021-12-28T12:00:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.innovationnewsnetwork.com\/?p=16521"},"modified":"2022-02-28T12:22:31","modified_gmt":"2022-02-28T12:22:31","slug":"darwins-finches-evolve-ward-avian-vampire-fly","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.innovationnewsnetwork.com\/darwins-finches-evolve-ward-avian-vampire-fly\/16521\/","title":{"rendered":"Darwin\u2019s finches evolve to ward off avian vampire fly"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Experts from Flinders University studied Darwin\u2019s finches on Gal\u00e1pagos Islands and found females that spend longer inside the nest can ward off deadly larvae of the introduced avian vampire fly.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/h2>\n<h3><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Deadly larvae\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">The avian vampire fly larvae are known to enter the nests of Darwin\u2019s finches to consume the vulnerable chicks when the parents are absent. The fly lays eggs that hatch into larvae that feed on the developing chicks, killing most chicks and causing beak deformation in the survivors. However, recent research has revealed that the female finches have evolved to ward off this threat. <\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Maternal protection<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u201cTiming is everything.\u201d Said <a href=\"https:\/\/www.flinders.edu.au\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Flinders University<\/a> Professor Sonia Kleindorfer. \u201cThe female must forgo foraging herself, and her persistence is strongly influenced by good food provisioning of her offspring by the male.\u201d<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">The first few days of life for Darwin\u2019s finches are a very vulnerable time for the newly hatched chicks, as they are born blind, helpless and unable to preen. This means they cannot call out to their mother when they sense danger and need help, which is why mum staying in the nest longer than she normally would is proving to be a life saving bought of evolution for these defenceless chicks. While older offspring have a better chance of contending with the larvae and may dislodge and consume some of them on occasion, mum&#8217;s presence is still preferable until the finch is fully grown and better prepared to protect themselves.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u201cThe new research findings are significant because they show that \u2018just being there\u2019 can be a form of front-line defence against threats to offspring survival.\u201d Said Kleindorfer.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Female Darwin\u2019s finches offer care to their offspring for far longer than males, which is essential because it is their presence that wards off the parasitic larvae. However, it has been noticed that this additional care comes with a cost of the female finches becoming victims to the larvae themselves.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Monitoring the survival rate of the female Darwin\u2019s finches is considered difficult by researchers, as females do not produce a loud advertisement song like the males do. Dr Andrew Katis from Flinders University said, \u201cwe know from long-term monitoring of Darwin\u2019s finches, from recapture and re-sighting data since 2000, that annual survivorship in females is much lower than in males, and over 50% of male Darwin\u2019s finches sing at the nest but don\u2019t attract a female.\u201d <\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Darwin\u2019s finches evolve<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Charles Darwin\u2019s theory of evolution by natural selection was developed through observation of plants and animals in various <a href=\"https:\/\/www.innovationnewsnetwork.com\/ecohydrology-approach-climate-change-mitigation\/16288\/\">environments<\/a>. One of these environments was the Gal\u00e1pagos Islands, where in 1835 he noted the rich diversity of endemic plants, birds and reptiles.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">The seventeen species of Darwin\u2019s finches on the Gal\u00e1pagos Islands are an example of rapid adaptive radiation. This means that each species has a unique beak shape suited to extract resources from a different ecological niche. Since being first observed in 1997, the avian vampire fly has been parasitising nestlings and changing the beak and behaviour of Darwin\u2019s finches.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Scientists discovered that female Darwin\u2019s finches that can sustain longer parental care to chicks, with less feeding opportunity for themselves, paired with males that increase feeding to the offspring, have better chances to produce offspring in a vampire fly-dominated environment.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u201cControl measures are urgently needed to save Darwin\u2019s finches from extinction,\u201d scientists discovered from their research. They found only 10.4% of the critically endangered Medium Tree Finch nests produced young on Floreana Island, and the rest were killed by either predators or the parasites.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Experts from Flinders University studied Darwin\u2019s finches on Gal\u00e1pagos Islands and found females that spend longer inside the nest can ward off deadly larvae of the introduced avian vampire fly.\u00a0 Deadly larvae\u00a0\u00a0 The avian vampire fly larvae are known to enter the nests of Darwin\u2019s finches to consume the vulnerable chicks when the parents are [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":21,"featured_media":16526,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[766,24429],"tags":[3475,24180],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\n<title>Darwin\u2019s finches evolve to ward off avian vampire fly<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Experts studied Darwin\u2019s finches on the Gal\u00e1pagos Islands and found females that spend longer inside the nest can ward off deadly larvae.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.innovationnewsnetwork.com\/darwins-finches-evolve-ward-avian-vampire-fly\/16521\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_GB\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Darwin\u2019s finches evolve to ward off avian vampire fly\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Experts studied Darwin\u2019s finches on the Gal\u00e1pagos Islands and found females that spend longer inside the nest can ward off deadly larvae.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.innovationnewsnetwork.com\/darwins-finches-evolve-ward-avian-vampire-fly\/16521\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Innovation News Network\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/InnoNewsNetwork\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2021-12-28T12:00:54+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2022-02-28T12:22:31+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.innovationnewsnetwork.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/iStockcrisserbug-508354660.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Kim Rushton\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@InnoNewsNetwork\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@InnoNewsNetwork\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Kim Rushton\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Estimated reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.innovationnewsnetwork.com\/darwins-finches-evolve-ward-avian-vampire-fly\/16521\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.innovationnewsnetwork.com\/darwins-finches-evolve-ward-avian-vampire-fly\/16521\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Kim Rushton\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.innovationnewsnetwork.com\/#\/schema\/person\/962e02f6d63ad8d651ee1a73b58716c0\"},\"headline\":\"Darwin\u2019s finches evolve to ward off avian vampire fly\",\"datePublished\":\"2021-12-28T12:00:54+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2022-02-28T12:22:31+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.innovationnewsnetwork.com\/darwins-finches-evolve-ward-avian-vampire-fly\/16521\/\"},\"wordCount\":602,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.innovationnewsnetwork.com\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.innovationnewsnetwork.com\/darwins-finches-evolve-ward-avian-vampire-fly\/16521\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.innovationnewsnetwork.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/iStockcrisserbug-508354660.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"Biology\",\"Evolution\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Research &amp; 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