{"id":16437,"date":"2021-12-10T14:16:36","date_gmt":"2021-12-10T14:16:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.innovationnewsnetwork.com\/?p=16437"},"modified":"2024-09-04T21:07:09","modified_gmt":"2024-09-04T20:07:09","slug":"a-quantum-approach-to-a-singularity-problem","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.innovationnewsnetwork.com\/a-quantum-approach-to-a-singularity-problem\/16437\/","title":{"rendered":"A quantum approach to a singularity problem"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>Utilising a quantum approach when referring to where the laws of physics collapse could explain what happens at the centre of black holes and what existed before the Big Bang.<\/h2>\n<p>One of the major issues in\u00a0general relativity\u00a0that separates it from other descriptions of the Universe, such as quantum physics, is the existence of\u00a0singularities\u200a.<\/p>\n<p>Singularities are points, that when mathematically described, produce an infinite value and suggest areas of the Universe where the laws of physics would cease to exist. For instance, this can be points at the\u00a0beginning of the Universe\u00a0and at the\u00a0centre of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.innovationnewsnetwork.com\/solar-mass-black-holes\/9917\/\">black holes<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h3>Extending the treatment of singularities in classical physics into quantum physics<\/h3>\n<p>A new paper in\u00a0<em>Nuclear Physics B<\/em>\u00a0published by\u00a0Roberto Casadio, Alexander Kamenshchik, and Iber\u00ea Kuntz from the<a href=\"https:\/\/www.unibo.it\/en\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> University of Bologna, Italy<\/a>, proposes that extending the treatment of singularities in classical physics into quantum physics approach could help to solve this disparity between different departments of physics.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cNo description of Nature is perfect and complete. Every theory has its domain of applicability, beyond which it breaks down and its predictions no longer make sense,\u201d Casadio explained. He cites\u00a0Newton\u2019s theories as an example, which are still robust enough to send rockets to space, but fall down when describing the very small, or the tremendously massive.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThis is a serious issue because General Relativity\u200a, which is\u200a the theory that best describes the gravitational interaction at present\u200a, \u200apredicts the existence of singularities quite generically,\u201d Casadio added. \u201cIt is like having a hole in space, where nothing can exist, but into which observers and everything else will fall nonetheless.\u201d<\/p>\n<h3>Singularities are theoretical obstacles<\/h3>\n<p>Casadio also suggested that this can be envisaged as a piece of paper with a small hole in it. \u201cYou can move the tip of your pen on the paper, which represents the movement of a particle, but if you reach the hole your pen suddenly stops drawing and the particles suddenly disappear,&#8221; he said. \u201cThis illustrates how singularities are theoretical obstacles preventing us from fully understanding Nature.\u201d Casadio added that the fact that physics ceases to exist at singularities leads to unanswered questions such as: What really happened at the beginning of the Universe? Was everything born out of a point that never really existed? What happens to a particle when it falls into the centre of a black hole?<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThese open questions are the very reason we are compelled by our curiosity to pursue this line of investigation,\u201d Casadio exclaimed. \u201cOur approach heavily relies on the methods of Quantum Field Theory (QFT): the framework that combines quantum approach mechanics and special relativity and gives rise to the very successful Standard Model of Particle Physics.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>These authors utilised the tools of QFT to construct a mathematical object that can signal the presence of singularities in experimentally measurable quantities. This object, which they have named the \u201cfunctional winding number\u201d is non-zero in the presence of singularities and vanishes as a result to their absence.<\/p>\n<p>This approach has revealed that certain singularities predicted theoretically do not affect quantities that can in principle be measured experimentally, and therefore remain harmless mathematical constructs.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cIf our formalism survived scientific scrutiny and turned out to be the correct approach, it would suggest the existence of a very deep physical principle, so the choices of physical variables are rather unimportant,\u201d Casadio concluded. \u201cThis could be consequential for our understanding of physics, even beyond the subject of singularities.\u201d<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Utilising a quantum approach when referring to where the laws of physics collapse could explain what happens at the centre of black holes and what existed before the Big Bang. One of the major issues in\u00a0general relativity\u00a0that separates it from other descriptions of the Universe, such as quantum physics, is the existence of\u00a0singularities\u200a. Singularities are [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":19,"featured_media":16439,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[24615],"tags":[821,17008],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\n<title>A quantum approach to a singularity problem<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Utilising a quantum approach when referring to where the laws of physics collapse could explain what happens at the centre of black holes.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.innovationnewsnetwork.com\/a-quantum-approach-to-a-singularity-problem\/16437\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_GB\" \/>\n<meta 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