{"id":16427,"date":"2021-12-10T08:14:14","date_gmt":"2021-12-10T08:14:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.innovationnewsnetwork.com\/?p=16427"},"modified":"2022-02-28T13:54:38","modified_gmt":"2022-02-28T13:54:38","slug":"unpredictable-ice-clouds-negate-accuracy-climate-models","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.innovationnewsnetwork.com\/unpredictable-ice-clouds-negate-accuracy-climate-models\/16427\/","title":{"rendered":"Unpredictable ice clouds negate accuracy of climate models"},"content":{"rendered":"

Assistant Professor Kazutoshi Sato from Kitami Institute of Technology<\/a>, and Associate Professor Jun Inoue from the National Institute of Polar Research<\/a>,<\/span>\u00a0investigate the interference of ice clouds<\/a> when constructing climate models.\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/h2>\n

Climate models are digital simulations of the Earth\u2019s climate system. These models calculate the interactions of various\u00a0factors\u00a0such as,\u00a0land, sea, atmosphere, and humidity. After analysing these factors, the climate model allows\u00a0professionals\u00a0to\u00a0forecast the future climate of the world. Yet, simulating clouds, a key factor of the Earth\u2019s climate system, has always been challenging. Their complex behaviour makes it easy for climate modelers to miscalculate cloud cover.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

More on ice cloud behaviour\u00a0and formation<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/h3>\n

Sato and team,\u00a0recently shared some critical information on cloud formation over Antarctica and the Southern Ocean.\u00a0\u201cIce clouds are normally formed under very cold conditions (under -38 \u00b0C), but we observed the formation of low-level (under 6500 feet) ice\u00a0clouds at significantly higher temperatures.\u201d\u00a0Explained Sato.\u00a0This highlights the unpredictability of predicting climate models,\u00a0such\u00a0as ice clouds\u00a0that\u00a0are forming at higher temperatures than should be possible.\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Tiny particles, known as \u2018aerosols\u2019, are suspended in the air\u00a0where\u00a0water vapour condenses at high altitudes, and are crucial to cloud formation. Waves and winds disperse aerosols from the sea into the climate. These particles then become the starting particles for ice clouds and are known as \u2018ice-nucleating particles\u2019 (INPs). As the ice cover on the polar sea surface changes with temperature, the concentration and\u00a0activity\u00a0of INPs changes too, thus affecting cloud formation.\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Dr.\u00a0Inoue\u00a0explains the importance of understanding both how and why this is happening.\u00a0\u201cThere are large uncertainties in current numerical climate models because of overestimation in ice-cloud fractions, especially in atmospheric and oceanic circulation. Understanding the sources of INPs will go a long way towards mitigating this issue.\u201d\u00a0Siad Dr Inoue.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

How\u00a0was\u00a0data gathered?<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/h3>\n

Documenting cloud characteristics in remote polar regions is challenging from the ground.\u00a0To overcome the issue, the scientists used data captured by the Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observation (CALIPSO) satellite. Based on the\u00a0data\u00a0gathered from both satellites, they\u00a0were able to\u00a0estimate the seasonal variation in the ice cloud fraction over Antarctica and the Southern Ocean. They also investigated the relationship between low-level ice clouds and sea surface conditions in summer and winter\u00a0climates.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

In order to be as accurate as possible,\u00a0Sato\u00a0and team investigated marine phytoplankton blooms\u00a0(a source of bioaerosols), which\u00a0allowed them to consider the potential connection between ocean and atmosphere.\u00a0Using the satellite data to measure the concentration of chlorophyll on the sea surface provided\u00a0an indicator of\u00a0a\u00a0phytoplankton abundance in the upper layers of the ocean. Finally, they reanalysed the existing data to understand precisely the extent of gas and particle exchange between the ocean and\u00a0climate.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Findings<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/h3>\n

Climate models reflected\u00a0that there was a sizeable difference in ice cloud formation at the low and mid-levels (6500\u201320,000 feet) between summertime and winter. High fractions of low-level ice\u00a0clouds were observed at comparatively high temperatures (above \u22127.5\u00b0C) over coastal Antarctic Sea ice areas in the summer. This increased ice cloud cover and coincided with the highest estimated populations of phytoplankton.\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

In winter, low-level ice clouds were observed at\u00a0climate\u00a0temperatures above \u221217.5\u00b0C, a time during which substantial heat exchange took place from the ocean to the air near coastal areas.\u00a0Dr.\u00a0Sato emphasises, \u201cour findings suggest that marine aerosols emitted from the ocean contribute to low-level ice-cloud formation over the Southern Ocean even under higher temperatures.\u201d<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

What does this mean for future climate models?<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/h3>\n

Ongoing climate change is causing rapid environmental changes, which are being felt acutely in the polar regions.\u00a0Dr.\u00a0Inoue highlights the importance of their findings, \u201cDeveloping reliable global climate models are essential to improving our understanding and predictions of climate behaviour. By clarifying the relationship between ice clouds and marine aerosols, our study will help reduce the errors associated with cloud biases in a numerical climate model.\u201d<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Thus, improving the accuracy of climate models is a defining challenge, but with findings like these, success is sure to follow.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Assistant Professor Kazutoshi Sato from Kitami Institute of Technology, and Associate Professor Jun Inoue from the National Institute of Polar Research,\u00a0investigate the interference of ice clouds when constructing climate models.\u00a0\u00a0 Climate models are digital simulations of the Earth\u2019s climate system. These models calculate the interactions of various\u00a0factors\u00a0such as,\u00a0land, sea, atmosphere, and humidity. After analysing these […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":21,"featured_media":16428,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[24433,785],"tags":[689,789,651],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nUnpredictable ice clouds negate accuracy of climate models\u00a0<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Assistant Professor Kazutoshi Sato\u00a0and team\u00a0investigate the interference of ice clouds when constructing climate models.\u00a0\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.innovationnewsnetwork.com\/unpredictable-ice-clouds-negate-accuracy-climate-models\/16427\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" 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