{"id":13818,"date":"2021-08-06T14:09:28","date_gmt":"2021-08-06T13:09:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.innovationnewsnetwork.com\/?p=13818"},"modified":"2021-08-06T14:09:28","modified_gmt":"2021-08-06T13:09:28","slug":"novel-eso-investigation-reveals-rocky-exoplanet-half-the-mass-of-venus","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.innovationnewsnetwork.com\/novel-eso-investigation-reveals-rocky-exoplanet-half-the-mass-of-venus\/13818\/","title":{"rendered":"Novel ESO investigation reveals rocky exoplanet half the mass of Venus\u00a0"},"content":{"rendered":"

Astronomers have discovered a rocky exoplanet\u00a0using the European Southern Observatory\u2019s Very Large Telescope (ESO\u2019s VLT) in Chile.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/h2>\n

Researchers have\u00a0been observing exoplanets around L 98-59 \u2013 a nearby star \u2013 that bear a resemblance to those in the inner Solar System, shedding new light on the planets. The newly observed planets include a rocky exoplanet with just half the mass of Venus<\/a>, making it the lightest exoplanet to be measured with the\u00a0radial velocity technique.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

This planet is possibly <\/span>in the habitable zone, which has exciting implications:\u00a0“The planet in the habitable zone may have an atmosphere that could protect and support life,\u201d\u00a0explained\u00a0Mar\u00eda Rosa Zapatero Osorio, an astronomer at the Centre for Astrobiology<\/a> in Madrid, Spain, and one of the authors of the study published today in Astronomy & Astrophysics<\/em>.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

The quest to discover\u00a0life on\u00a0Earth-sized planets<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/h3>\n

The team\u2019s findings present a significant step forward in the pursuit of finding life on planets a similar size to Earth outside of our Solar System.\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

The discovery of biosignatures on an exoplanet\u00a0is reliant\u00a0on\u00a0being able\u00a0to study its atmosphere,\u00a0however,\u00a0existing telescopes are not\u00a0big\u00a0enough to attain the resolution\u00a0necessary\u00a0to\u00a0carry this out\u00a0for small, rocky planets.\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

The\u00a0recently\u00a0observed\u00a0planetary system,\u00a0named\u00a0L 98-59 after its star, is a\u00a0promising\u00a0target for future\u00a0studies\u00a0of exoplanet atmospheres. It orbits a star only 35 light-years away\u00a0from Earth<\/span>,<\/span>\u00a0and<\/span>,<\/span>\u00a0as has now been revealed, it\u00a0hosts\u00a0rocky planets\u00a0\u2013\u00a0similar to\u00a0Earth or Venus\u00a0\u2013\u00a0which are close enough to the star to be warm.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Searching for water on rocky exoplanets<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/h3>\n

With the\u00a0help\u00a0of ESO\u2019s VLT, the\u00a0researchers\u00a0were\u00a0able to\u00a0deduce\u00a0that three of the planets\u00a0could\u00a0contain water in their interiors or atmospheres. The two planets closest to the star in the L 98-59 system are\u00a0most likely\u00a0dry<\/span>,<\/span>\u00a0but\u00a0may\u00a0contain\u00a0small amounts of water, while up to 30% of the third planet\u2019s mass could be water, making it an ocean world.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

As well as this, the team\u00a0discovered previously\u00a0\u2018hidden\u2019\u00a0exoplanets that had not been spotted\u00a0before\u00a0in this planetary system. They\u00a0found\u00a0a fourth planet\u00a0too, and\u00a0believe there is a fifth<\/span>,<\/span>\u00a0in a zone at the appropriate distance from the star for liquid water to exist on its surface.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cWe have hints of the presence of a terrestrial planet in the habitable zone of this system,\u201d\u00a0said\u00a0Olivier\u00a0Demangeon, a researcher at the Instituto de\u00a0Astrof\u00edsica\u00a0e\u00a0Ci\u00eancias\u00a0do\u00a0Espa\u00e7o, University of Porto in Portugal and lead author of the study.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

This novel research signifies a technical breakthrough, as scientists \u2013 utilising the radial velocity method \u2013 were able to ascertain that the innermost planet in the system has just half the mass of Venus, making it the lightest exoplanet measured with this technique that analyses the wobble of the star instigated by the tiny gravitational tug of its orbiting planets.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

The researchers\u00a0employed\u00a0the Echelle\u00a0SPectrograph\u00a0for Rocky Exoplanets and Stable Spectroscopic Observations (ESPRESSO) instrument on ESO\u2019s VLT to study L 98-59.\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cWithout the precision and stability provided by ESPRESSO this measurement would have not been possible,\u201d\u00a0explained\u00a0Zapatero Osorio. \u201cThis is a step forward in our ability to measure the masses of the smallest planets beyond the Solar System.\u201d<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

In 2019, the astronomers spotted three of L 98-59\u2019s planets\u00a0for the first time,\u00a0with the help of\u00a0NASA\u2019s Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS). This satellite relies on a\u00a0method\u00a0known as\u00a0the transit method \u2014 where the dip in the light coming from the star caused by a planet passing in front of it is used to infer the properties of the planet \u2014 to\u00a0search for\u00a0the planets and measure their sizes.\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

However, it was only\u00a0by including\u00a0radial velocity measurements made with ESPRESSO and its predecessor, the High Accuracy Radial\u00a0velocity\u00a0Planet Searcher (HARPS) at the ESO La Silla 3.6-metre telescope, that\u00a0Demangeon\u00a0and his team were able to find extra planets and measure the masses and radii of the first three. \u201cIf we want to know what a planet is made of, the minimum that we need is its mass and its radius,\u201d\u00a0Demangeon\u00a0said.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

The\u00a0researchers are hoping\u00a0to\u00a0carry on\u00a0studying\u00a0the system with the\u00a0approaching collaborative\u00a0NASA\/ESA\/CSA James Webb Space Telescope (JWST),\u00a0while ESO\u2019s Extremely Large Telescope (ELT),\u00a0which is currently under\u00a0construction in the Chilean Atacama Desert, is\u00a0set to\u00a0begin its\u00a0observations in 2027\u00a0and\u00a0will also be\u00a0fantastic\u00a0for\u00a0further observation of\u00a0these planets.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cThe HIRES instrument on the ELT may have the power to study the atmospheres of some of the planets in the L 98-59 system, thus complementing the JWST from the ground,\u201d\u00a0added\u00a0Zapatero Osorio.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cThis system announces what is to come,\u201d\u00a0concluded\u00a0Demangeon. \u201cWe, as a society, have been chasing terrestrial planets since the birth of astronomy<\/span>,<\/span>\u00a0and now we are finally getting closer and closer to the detection of a terrestrial planet in the habitable zone of its star, of which we could study the atmosphere.\u201d<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Astronomers have discovered a rocky exoplanet\u00a0using the European Southern Observatory\u2019s Very Large Telescope (ESO\u2019s VLT) in Chile.\u00a0<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":13,"featured_media":13823,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[771],"tags":[818,3478,3477],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nNovel ESO investigation reveals rocky exoplanet half the mass of Venus\u00a0<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Astronomers have discovered a rocky exoplanet\u00a0using the European Southern Observatory\u2019s Very Large Telescope (ESO\u2019s VLT) in Chile.\u00a0\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" 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